Spectacles of Extravagance: Rethinking Representations in “Eat the Rich” Narratives

Ysabelle Bartolome

In 2022, The New Yorker Screening Room, under the magazine’s YouTube channel published the Filipino short film, Excuse Me Miss, Miss, Miss (retitled How to Be Magically Productive at Your Retail Job) directed by Sonny Calvento. At the time of writing, the short film has accumulated only 20,000 views on YouTube, and around 50 comments—a long shot from being viral in today’s time. The 2019 Sundance short film entry originally caught my attention with its rich red poster, vibrant yellow title, and eerie-looking characters peeking from the left. Given the circulation of independent films in the Philippines, I was excited to see it published 3 years after its release for free viewing.

The 15-minute short film utilizes tragic magic realist storytelling to reflect the plight of contractualization[1] in the Philippines. Set in Trendysitas mall, the film examines the life of Vangie, a breadwinner and salesclerk on a short-term contract that is about to end. Vangie is confronted by her controlling supervisor, Charo, who informs her that she will not be regularized because of previous misbehaviors on the job. In a desperate attempt to keep her job, Vangie goes to Charo’s house to beg for another chance when she discovers that her supervisor has clones. During a confrontation scene, Vangie laments their exploitative working conditions and the unrealistic demands of regularization, while Charo confides that the only way to achieve a work-life balance is to do the impossible (a task she achieves by taking a cloning supplement). In the final arc of the film, Vangie is seen with the same medication that Charo takes for her clones. She is celebrating with her clones dressed in the supervisor’s uniform on supposedly her last day of work. The film ends with a shot of four mannequins dressed like Vangie and her clones. This concluding shot ambiguously leaves it up to the audience as to whether Vangie’s desire to get regularized has become a reality or remains a fantasy. Yet, while the film is left open-ended, the message is clear: there is no work-life balance for a third-world labourer; regularization is only possible through impossible feats of labour. Contractual jobs are exploitative, low-paying, and unrealistically demanding because they were created to circumvent labour laws that assure workers of their rights. Those who were regularized, like Charo, only did so after exceeding normal, human capacity and conditions.

The issue of contractualization in the Philippines, which the film depicts, warrants its own essay. Rather, what I consider here is the film’s aesthetic quality and how that informs its critique.  While I am used to the low-quality feel of Filipino films (brought by both accessibility to film equipment and artistic direction), the notably subpar acting of the cast left me confused. For example, in the scene where Vangie exposes Charo’s clones to her coworkers, the actress gives an awkward and flat performance that stands in stark contrast to the bewilderment and anger she is expressing. The awkward performance feels jarring and unnatural to not be deliberate and satirical.

Apparently, I was not alone in these feelings. In the video’s comment section, another viewer notes the film’s poor quality, questioning its place on The New Yorker’s YouTube channel. Yet, despite the apparent similarity in our reactions, I cannot help but wonder how context differentiates our interpretation. To me, the poor acting in the film intentionally reflects the impoverished state of labour in the Philippines. Indeed, the film outwardly tackles themes of disparity: the film, set in a department store, depicts a space that is at once rundown and selling off-brand ‘trendy’ items. The sense of disparity pervades the social politics of the space as well: the performance of the protagonist, Vangie, does not seem good enough for her employers, or the audience. Perhaps, the poor acting is a comment on the absurdity of regularization in a contractual job: no one is good enough to be regularized, or, to play the part (so to speak).  

The staff of the White Lotus hotel greet their guest arrivals in season 1 of HBO’s The White Lotus.

But perhaps there is more to the comment and the act of questioning the place of a Filipino short film in the platform of a vastly popular American magazine. That same year of the film’s circulation, we witnessed the release of multiple “Eat the rich” narratives – films and series that cemented the slogan in the global cultural zeitgeist. Glass Onion, Triangle of Sadness, The Menu, and the second season of White Lotus each gained vast moments of online discourse. In each case of popular class critique, the spectacle of extravagance is centered, and the spectacle of poverty is at the margins. These politics of representation, pervading popular “Eat the Rich” narratives suggest that while these narratives self-identify as critical of the rich and the economic accumulations of the Western world, more generally, they nonetheless prioritize the rich as their primary focal point. Indeed, online discourse affirms that while there is a vast market for “Eats the Rich” narratives, perhaps equally, if not more so, there is a market for “Rich Narratives,” alone.

In speaking of the postcolonial and the popular, we might ask: what brown-bodied representations are allowed to occupy white spaces (and on what terms?)? How much space and diversity, that is to say, is there within the ever-popular genre of white-wealthy “self-critique”? The New Yorker’s comments section for the short film, Excuse Me Miss, Miss, Miss, offers a useful commentary on the film’s visual and performative nature. Yet, it also, potentially reveals an unwillingness to share generic space, hence illuminating how “Eat the Rich” narratives have been colonized by the very white, wealthy demographics that are the subject of their critique.

The popularity of “Eat the Rich” narratives may well be attributed to Parasite making a mark in the West, gaining numerous accolades and even doubts from then-President Donald Trump[2]. While movies that portray the intimate master-servant dynamic between the uber-rich and coloured bodies existed before Parasite, the film, arguably inspired a renewed focus on stories about class, particularly, ones wherein the rich are met with a gruesome affair. Confronted with the economic aftermath of the pandemic, and its public illumination of economic precarity and disparity in relation to front-line workers, “Eat the Rich” narratives perhaps offered satiation to a wide, global reckoning with vastly apparent inequity.

Reviewers of “Eat the Rich” narratives, like White Lotus or Glass Onion, have criticized these stories as “empty” (Rajkotwala) or “confused” (Adler-Bell). Jake Bishop notes that the characters are typically “one-dimensional caricatures of rich people…played for laughs. Each one being defined by a different personal flaw such as ignorance, egotism, and arrogance”. Indeed, focusing on the moral failures of rich individuals risk occluding the more pervasive issue of accumulating their wealth on the basis of labouring colored bodies (a dynamic that only gestured, through references to these protagonist’s profiting of weapons manufacturing or the cleaning servers of foreign workers [Triangle of Sadness]). In “Eat the Rich” narratives, the source of such wealth is an opportunity for dialogue and characterization, yet it is never the reason for downfall—a downfall ‘justified’ and ushered by the moral maltreatment of labouring colored bodies. For this reason, the retribution at the end feels hollow: the rich, it seems, fail not because of their active participation in structural systems of exploitation, but because they possess an ordinary spectrum of human flaws.

In season 1 of HBO’s The White Lotus, Belinda and Tanya’s relationship is based on an imbalance in power.

This one-dimensional portrayal of the rich also leads to stereotypical depictions of minority characters. The hard labour and care work, undertaken by Black and brown bodies, while realistic depictions of labour demographics are never granted enough screen time. In White Lotus, for example, Belinda, a Black spa manager, enters the screen to progress Tanya’s character—a White woman who craves an emotional bond after the death of her mother. This client-therapist relationship is transactional for the benefit of Tanya; indeed, Belinda’s dreams, while initially supported, are soon revoked by the whims of the rich heiress. At a time when BIPOC viewers make a significant mark in the diversity of screen representation[3], “Eat the Rich” narratives ostensibly critique the current, racial economies of labour, all-the-while reinforcing them, handing character-driven roles to white actors on a silver platter, while relegating BIPOC actors to submissive and peripheral sites.

Perhaps, then, the real appeal of these stories is not their reflection of justice or even the desire for it, but their depiction of the desire to live in comfort and luxury. Does this mean then, that to acquire space in ‘the popular, predominantly white zeitgeist of “Eat the Rich” narratives, people of colour must simply reenact and embody the dynamics of colonization? To view “Eat the Rich” narratives, then, as the subjugation of the rich folk is misleading.

Excuse Me Miss, Miss, Miss is also a tale of a brown labourer, Vangie, a salesclerk with an invisible white master (who owns the products she’s selling) profiting from her labour. Vangie stands for hours a day and adheres to the unethical standards of her retail work. There is nothing glamorous about her life. Perhaps realistic stories of our poverty in excess fail to capture wide audiences because they do not stage a fantasy of desire, but rather, a reality that is bleak and laden with untold potential.

Notes:

[1] Contractualization in the Philippines refers colloquially to a fixed-term labor contract practiced to save employment costs. Article 296 of the Philippine Labor Code defines probationary employment in the country wherein the probationary period to be regularized should not exceed six months. Regularized employees shall receive permanent employment and worker benefits. To avoid labor law violations and save money from the cost of regularized employees, some companies in the Philippines hire and rehire workers for a short 5-month contract (Natividad).

[2] Trump critiques Parasite’s Academy Award for Best Picture due to its South Korean origin. He considers Parasite to be the best foreign film but not the best [picture]. This comment is symptomatic of the issue of representation given that foreign films tend to have separate categories to sideline foreign works from the ‘best’ category.

[3] The trend in the UCLA Hollywood Diversity Report findings post-pandemic shows a shifting preference for on-screen diversity in streaming and theatrical releases of original films. Moreover, BIPOC households and women are a significant audience in streaming platforms that give more avenues for BIPOC stories and characters. However, there are still ongoing anxieties about diversity off-screen and in more theatrical releases given the current precarious state of Hollywood vis-à-vis labor union strikes and dwindling audiences. 

Works Cited

Adler-Bell, Sam. “The Movie Industry’s Confused ‘Eat the Rich’ Fantasy.” Vulture, 7 Feb. 2023, www.vulture.com/2023/02/the-movie-industrys-confused-eat-the-rich-fantasy.html.

Bishop, Jake. “Why Hollywood Can’t Eat the Rich.” YouTube, 12 Feb. 2023, www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRA-CfpwhL4.

Natividad, Nikki. “The Long Battle to End ‘Contractualization’ in the Philippines.” Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2020, www.pids.gov.ph/details/the-long-battle-to-end-contractualization-in-the-philippines.

Rajkotwala, Aamatullah. “The Deliciously Empty Appeal of ‘Eat the Rich’ Cinema.”Medium, 19 Jan. 2024, medium.com/@aamatullah.rajkotwala/the-deliciously-empty-appeal-of-eat-the-rich-cinema-75a8b298b350.

Ramón, Ana-Christina, et al. “Hollywood Diversity Report 2024: Part 1: Theatrical.”UCLA Social Sciences, socialsciences.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/UCLA-Hollywood-Diversity-Report-2024-Film-3-7-2024.pdf.

---. “Hollywood Diversity Report 2024: Part 2: Streaming.” UCLA Social Sciences, socialsciences.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/UCLA-Hollywood-Diversity-Report-2024-Film-Streaming-5-23-2024.pdf.

“Trump blasts ‘Parasite’ on rally.” YouTube, uploaded by ABC News, 22 Feb. 2020, www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVd2vzDPhT4&t=42s.